Search results for "Distinguisher"

Hits ?▲	Authors	Title	Venue	Year	Link	Author keywords
92	Alex Biryukov, Dmitry Khovratovich, Ivica Nikolic	Distinguisher and Related-Key Attack on the Full AES-256.	CRYPTO	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	chosen key distinguisher, Davies-Meyer, ideal cipher, AES, related-key attack
77	Florian Mendel, Tomislav Nad	A Distinguisher for the Compression Function of SIMD-512.	INDOCRYPT	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	cryptanalysis, SIMD, distinguisher, SHA-3 candidate
76	Joo Yeon Cho, Josef Pieprzyk	Crossword Puzzle Attack on NLS.	Selected Areas in Cryptography	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Crossword Puzzle Attack, NLSv2, Stream Ciphers, Distinguishing Attacks, eSTREAM, Linear Approximations, Modular Addition, NLS
76	Kyungdeok Hwang, Wonil Lee, Sungjae Lee, Sangjin Lee 0002, Jongin Lim 0001	Saturation Attacks on Reduced Round Skipjack.	FSE	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
61	Yi Lu 0002, Serge Vaudenay	Cryptanalysis of an E0-like Combiner with Memory.	J. Cryptol.	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	E0, Stream cipher, Bluetooth, Correlation, Combiner
55	Jongsung Kim, Dukjae Moon, Wonil Lee, Seokhie Hong, Sangjin Lee 0002, Seok Won Jung	Amplified Boomerang Attack against Reduced-Round SHACAL.	ASIACRYPT	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	SHACAL, Amplified boomerang attack, Boomerang-distinguisher
45	Jiali Choy, Guanhan Chew, Khoongming Khoo, Huihui Yap	Cryptographic Properties and Application of a Generalized Unbalanced Feistel Network Structure.	ACISP	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Generalized Unbalanced Feistel Network, Differential Probability, Linear Hull Probability, Block Ciphers
45	Ueli M. Maurer, Stefano Tessaro	Computational Indistinguishability Amplification: Tight Product Theorems for System Composition.	CRYPTO	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
45	Zheng Yuan, Wei Wang 0035, Keting Jia, Guangwu Xu, Xiaoyun Wang 0001	New Birthday Attacks on Some MACs Based on Block Ciphers.	CRYPTO	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	MAC, AES, Distinguishing attack, Impossible differential cryptanalysis, Forgery attack, Birthday attack
45	Benedikt Gierlichs, Lejla Batina, Pim Tuyls, Bart Preneel	Mutual Information Analysis.	CHES	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Differential Side-Channel Analysis (DSCA), DPA-resistant logic, Information Theory, Mutual Information
45	Souradyuti Paul, Bart Preneel, Gautham Sekar	Distinguishing Attacks on the Stream Cipher Py.	FSE	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
45	Joan Daemen, Gilles Van Assche	Distinguishing Stream Ciphers with Convolutional Filters.	SCN	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
45	Elchanan Mossel, Amir Shpilka, Luca Trevisan	On e-Biased Generators in NC0.	FOCS	2003	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
45	Eli Biham, Orr Dunkelman, Nathan Keller	New Results on Boomerang and Rectangle Attacks.	FSE	2002	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
40	Florian Mendel, Thomas Peyrin, Christian Rechberger, Martin Schläffer	Improved Cryptanalysis of the Reduced Grøstl Compression Function, ECHO Permutation and AES Block Cipher.	Selected Areas in Cryptography	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	semi-free-start collision, known-key distinguisher, cryptanalysis, block cipher, hash function
40	Raphael Chung-Wei Phan, Bok-Min Goi	On the Security Bounds of CMC, EME, EME+ and EME* Modes of Operation.	ICICS	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	tweakable schemes, disk encryption, security bounds, Block cipher, modes of operation, distinguisher
40	Ju-Sung Kang, Okyeon Yi, Dowon Hong, Hyun Sook Cho	Pseudorandomness of MISTY-Type Transformations and the Block Cipher KASUMI.	ACISP	2001	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	(Super-)Pseudorandom permutation ensemble, MISTY-type transformation, KASUMI, Distinguisher
37	Håkan Englund, Thomas Johansson 0001	A New Distinguisher for Clock Controlled Stream Ciphers.	FSE	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Jorge Blasco Alís, Julio César Hernández Castro, Juan M. Estévez-Tapiador, Arturo Ribagorda, Miguel A. Orellana-Quiros	Steganalysis of Hydan.	SEC	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Çagdas Çalik, Willi Meier, Onur Özen, Raphael C.-W. Phan, Kerem Varici	Improved Cryptanalysis of Skein.	ASIACRYPT	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Xiaoyun Wang 0001, Wei Wang 0035, Keting Jia, Meiqin Wang	New Distinguishing Attack on MAC Using Secret-Prefix Method.	FSE	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	secret prefix method, MAC, distinguishing attack, SHA-1
30	Hüseyin Demirci, Ali Aydin Selçuk	A Meet-in-the-Middle Attack on 8-Round AES.	FSE	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	meet-in-the-middle cryptanalysis, square attack, AES, Rijndael
30	Risto M. Hakala, Kaisa Nyberg	Linear Distinguishing Attack on Shannon.	ACISP	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	stream ciphers, linear cryptanalysis, Distinguishing attacks, Shannon
30	Samuel Galice, Marine Minier	Improving Integral Attacks Against Rijndael-256 Up to 9 Rounds.	AFRICACRYPT	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	integral attacks, Rijndael-256, cryptanalysis, block cipher
30	Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen	Known-Key Distinguishers for Some Block Ciphers.	ASIACRYPT	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Distinguishing algorithms, Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher, AES, Feistel ciphers
30	Gautham Sekar, Souradyuti Paul, Bart Preneel	New Weaknesses in the Keystream Generation Algorithms of the Stream Ciphers TPy and Py.	ISC	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Håkan Englund, Martin Hell, Thomas Johansson 0001	Two General Attacks on Pomaranch-Like Keystream Generators.	FSE	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	resynchronization attack, Stream ciphers, distinguishing attack, eSTREAM, Pomaranch
30	Debojyoti Bhattacharya, Debdeep Mukhopadhyay, Dhiman Saha, Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury	Strengthening NLS Against Crossword Puzzle Attack.	ACISP	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Crossword Puzzle attack, Stream ciphers, eSTREAM, Linear Approximations, Modular Addition, NLS
30	Wentao Zhang, Lei Zhang 0012, Wenling Wu, Dengguo Feng	Related-Key Differential-Linear Attacks on Reduced AES-192.	INDOCRYPT	2007	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	related-key, differential-linear attack, cryptanalysis, AES
30	Joo Yeon Cho, Josef Pieprzyk	Distinguishing Attack on SOBER-128 with Linear Masking.	ACISP	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Linear masking, SOBER-128, Stream ciphers, Distinguishing attack, Modular addition
30	Orr Dunkelman, Nathan Keller	A New Criterion for Nonlinearity of Block Ciphers.	CT-RSA	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Louis Granboulan, Antoine Joux, Jacques Stern	Inverting HFE Is Quasipolynomial.	CRYPTO	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
30	Yi Lu 0002, Willi Meier, Serge Vaudenay	The Conditional Correlation Attack: A Practical Attack on Bluetooth Encryption.	CRYPTO	2005	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	E0, Stream Ciphers, Bluetooth, Correlation
30	Yi Lu 0002, Serge Vaudenay	Faster Correlation Attack on Bluetooth Keystream Generator E0.	CRYPTO	2004	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
25	Mario Lamberger, Florian Mendel, Christian Rechberger, Vincent Rijmen, Martin Schläffer	Rebound Distinguishers: Results on the Full Whirlpool Compression Function.	ASIACRYPT	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	cryptanalysis, hash functions, distinguisher, near-collision
25	Jongsung Kim, Raphael C.-W. Phan	A Cryptanalytic View of the NSA's Skipjack Block Cipher Design.	ISA	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Skipjack, NSA, Cryptanalysis, Block Ciphers, Distinguisher
25	Peng Zhang, Bing Sun 0001, Chao Li 0002	Saturation Attack on the Block Cipher HIGHT.	CANS	2009	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	HIGHT, Saturation attack, Block cipher, Distinguisher
25	Lei Zhang 0012, Wenling Wu, Je Hong Park, Bonwook Koo, Yongjin Yeom	Improved Impossible Differential Attacks on Large-Block Rijndael.	ISC	2008	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	Impossible differential distinguisher, Impossible differential attack, Block cipher, Rijndael
25	Alexander Maximov	Cryptanalysis of the "Grain" family of stream ciphers.	AsiaCCS	2006	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF	decoding problem, cryptanalysis, correlation attacks, distinguisher, grain
22	Akram Khalesi, Zahra Ahmadian	Provably minimum data complexity integral distinguisher based on conventional division property.	J. Comput. Virol. Hacking Tech.	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Sahiba Suryawanshi, Shibam Ghosh, Dhiman Saha, Prathamesh Ram	Simple Vs Vectorial: Exploiting Structural Symmetry to Beat the ZeroSum Distinguisher Applications to SHA3, Xoodyak and Bash.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2024	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Yang Yang, Wenhao Liu, Guang Zeng	A General Condition of Structural Distinguisher.	Comput. J.	2024	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Dean Doron, Edward Pyne, Roei Tell	Opening Up the Distinguisher: A Hardness to Randomness Approach for BPL = L that Uses Properties of BPL.	Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Liu Zhang, Zilong Wang, Yindong Chen	Improving the Accuracy of Differential-Neural Distinguisher for DES, Chaskey, and PRESENT.	IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Sunyeop Kim, Myoungsu Shin, Seonkyu Kim, Hanbeom Shin, Insung Kim, Donggeun Kwon, Dongjae Lee, Seonggyeom Kim, Deukjo Hong, Jaechul Sung, Seokhie Hong	Shining Light on the Shadow: Full-round Practical Distinguisher for Lightweight Block Cipher Shadow.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Tomer Ashur, Erik Takke	A New Linear Distinguisher for Four-Round AES.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Jinpeng Liu, Ling Sun	Distinguisher and Related-Key Attack on HALFLOOP-96.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Akram Khalesi, Zahra Ahmadian	Beyond-Full-Round Integral Distinguisher of NIST Lightweight Cryptography Competition Finalist TinyJAMBU.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Sahiba Suryawanshi, Dhiman Saha	Where are the constants? New Insights On The Role of Round Constant Addition in The SymSum Distinguisher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Yan Yan 0018, Arnab Roy 0005, Elisabeth Oswald	Not optimal but efficient: a distinguisher based on the Kruskal-Wallis test.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Anna Hambitzer, David Gérault, Yun Ju Huang, Najwa Aaraj, Emanuele Bellini 0002	NNBits: Bit Profiling with a Deep Learning Ensemble Based Distinguisher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2023	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Hyunji Kim, Kyungbae Jang, Sejin Lim, Yeajun Kang, Won-Woong Kim, Hwajeong Seo	Quantum Neural Network Based Distinguisher on SPECK-32/64.	Sensors	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Jiashuo Liu, Jiongjiong Ren, Shaozhen Chen	A deep learning aided differential distinguisher improvement framework with more lightweight and universality.	Cybersecur.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Yi Chen, Yantian Shen, Hongbo Yu, Sitong Yuan	A New Neural Distinguisher Considering Features Derived From Multiple Ciphertext Pairs.	Comput. J.	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Sahiba Suryawanshi, Dhiman Saha	Where Are the Constants? New Insights on the Role of Round Constant Addition in the SymSum Distinguisher.	SSS	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Jinpeng Liu, Ling Sun	Distinguisher and Related-Key Attack on HALFLOOP-96.	ICISC (1)	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Yan Yan 0018, Elisabeth Oswald, Arnab Roy 0005	Not Optimal but Efficient: A Distinguisher Based on the Kruskal-Wallis Test.	ICISC (1)	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Anna Hambitzer, David Gérault, Yun Ju Huang, Najwa Aaraj, Emanuele Bellini 0002	NNBits: Bit Profiling with a Deep Learning Ensemble Based Distinguisher.	CT-RSA	2023	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Behnam Zahednejad, Lijun Lyu	An improved integral distinguisher scheme based on neural networks.	Int. J. Intell. Syst.	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Rizwan Patan, Ramachandran Manikandan, Parameshwaran Ramalingam, Perumal Sivanesan, Mahmoud Daneshmand, Amir H. Gandomi	Blockchain Security Using Merkle Hash Zero Correlation Distinguisher for the IoT in Smart Cities.	IEEE Internet Things J.	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Liu Zhang, Zilong Wang	Improving Differential-Neural Distinguisher Model For DES, Chaskey, and PRESENT.	CoRR	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Akram Khalesi, Zahra Ahmadian	Provably Minimum Data Complexity Integral Distinguisher Based on Conventional Division Property.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Nicoleta-Norica Bacuieti, Lejla Batina, Stjepan Picek	Deep neural networks aiding cryptanalysis: A case study of the Speck distinguisher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Hyunji Kim, Kyungbae Jang, Sejin Lim, Yeajun Kang, Won-Woong Kim, Hwajeong Seo	Quantum Neural Network based Distinguisher for Differential Cryptanalysis on Simplified Block Ciphers.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Jiashuo Liu, Jiongjiong Ren, Shaozhen Chen	Effective Network Parameter Reduction Schemes for Neural Distinguisher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Liu Zhang, Zilong Wang	Improving Differential-Neural Distinguisher Model For DES, Chaskey and PRESENT.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Debranjan Pal, Upasana Mandal, Mainak Chaudhury, Abhijit Das 0004, Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury	A Deep Neural Differential Distinguisher for ARX based Block Cipher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Vladimir Sedlacek, Vojtech Suchanek, Antonin Dufka, Marek Sýs, Vashek Matyas	DiSSECT: Distinguisher of Standard & Simulated Elliptic Curves via Traits.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Nicoleta-Norica Bacuieti, Lejla Batina, Stjepan Picek	Deep Neural Networks Aiding Cryptanalysis: A Case Study of the Speck Distinguisher.	ACNS	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Amirhossein Ebrahimi, Francesco Regazzoni 0001, Paolo Palmieri 0001	Reducing the Cost of Machine Learning Differential Attacks Using Bit Selection and a Partial ML-Distinguisher.	FPS	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Lijun Lyu, Yi Tu, Yingjie Zhang	Improving the Deep-Learning-Based Differential Distinguisher and Applications to Simeck.	CSCWD	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Petr Socha, Vojtech Miskovský, Martin Novotný	A fair experimental evaluation of distance correlation side-channel distinguisher.	MECO	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Vladimir Sedlacek, Vojtech Suchanek, Antonin Dufka, Marek Sýs, Vashek Matyas	DiSSECT: Distinguisher of Standard and Simulated Elliptic Curves via Traits.	AFRICACRYPT	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Song Cheng, Hailong Zhang 0001, Xiaobo Hu, Shunxian Gao, Huizhi Liu	Variance analysis based distinguisher for template attack.	CIS	2022	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Shuiyu He, Yuechuan Wei, Lipeng Chang, Feng Pan	Integral Distinguisher Search of SLIM Algorithm Based on Bit-Based Division Property.	CAIBDA	2022	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Keyvan Ramezanpour, Paul Ampadu, William Diehl	Fault intensity map analysis with neural network key distinguisher.	J. Cryptogr. Eng.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Alberto F. Martínez-Herrera, J. Carlos Mex-Perera, Cuauhtemoc Mancillas-López, Carolina Del-Valle-Soto, Lilian Bossuet	The use of ellipse-based estimator as a sub-key distinguisher for Side-Channel Analysis.	Comput. Electr. Eng.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Aayush Jain, Varun Kohli, Girish Mishra	Deep Learning based Differential Distinguisher for Lightweight Block Ciphers.	CoRR	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Zezhou Hou, Jiongjiong Ren, Shaozhen Chen	Improve Neural Distinguisher for Cryptanalysis.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Amirhossein Ebrahimi, Francesco Regazzoni 0001, Paolo Palmieri 0001	Reducing the Cost of Machine Learning Differential Attacks Using Bit Selection and aPartial ML-Distinguisher.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22		SAT-based Method to Improve Neural Distinguisher and Applications to SIMON.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Yi Chen, Hongbo Yu	A New Neural Distinguisher Model Considering Derived Features from Multiple Ciphertext Pairs.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2021	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Orr Dunkelman, Senyang Huang, Eran Lambooij, Stav Perle	Biased differential distinguisher - Cryptanalysis of reduced-round SKINNY.	Inf. Comput.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Hailong Zhang 0001, Wei Yang	Theoretical Estimation on the Success Rate of the Asymptotic Higher Order Optimal Distinguisher.	Comput. J.	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Tarun Yadav, Manoj Kumar	Differential-ML Distinguisher: Machine Learning Based Generic Extension for Differential Cryptanalysis.	LATINCRYPT	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Gao Wang, Gaoli Wang	Improved Differential-ML Distinguisher: Machine Learning Based Generic Extension for Differential Analysis.	ICICS (2)	2021	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Zahra Eskandari, Abbas Ghaemi Bafghi	Cube distinguisher extraction using division property in block ciphers.	IET Inf. Secur.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Tingting Cui, Wei Wang 0035, Meiqin Wang	Distinguisher on full-round compression function of GOST R.	Inf. Process. Lett.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Lorenzo Grassi 0001, Christian Rechberger	Revisiting Gilbert's known-key distinguisher.	Des. Codes Cryptogr.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Xiaofeng Xie, Tian Tian 0004	Improved distinguisher search techniques based on parity sets.	Sci. China Inf. Sci.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Aayush Jain, Varun Kohli, Girish Mishra	Deep Learning based Differential Distinguisher for Lightweight Cipher PRESENT.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Fukang Liu, Takanori Isobe 0001, Willi Meier	Exploiting Weak Diffusion of Gimli: A Full-Round Distinguisher and Reduced-Round Preimage Attacks.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Sahiba Suryawanshi, Dhiman Saha, Satyam Sachan	New Results on the SymSum Distinguisher on Round-Reduced SHA3.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Tarun Yadav, Manoj Kumar	Differential-ML Distinguisher: Machine Learning based Generic Extension for Differential Cryptanalysis.	IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.	2020	DBLP BibTeX RDF
22	Samir Hodzic, Lars R. Knudsen	A quantum distinguisher for 7/8-round SMS4 block cipher.	Quantum Inf. Process.	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Xinying Wu, Yuan Ma, Tianyu Chen, Na Lv	A Distinguisher for RNGs with LFSR Post-processing.	Inscrypt	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Sahiba Suryawanshi, Dhiman Saha, Satyam Sachan	New Results on the SymSum Distinguisher on Round-Reduced SHA3.	AFRICACRYPT	2020	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Deepak Kumar Dalai, Subhamoy Maitra, Santu Pal, Dibyendu Roy 0001	Distinguisher and non-randomness of Grain-v1 for 112, 114 and 116 initialisation rounds with multiple-bit difference in IVs.	IET Inf. Secur.	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Senyang Huang, Xiaoyun Wang 0001, Guangwu Xu, Meiqin Wang, Jingyuan Zhao	New Distinguisher on Reduced-Round Keccak Sponge Function.	IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci.	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF
22	Petr Socha, Vojtech Miskovský, Hana Kubátová, Martin Novotný	Efficient algorithmic evaluation of correlation power analysis: Key distinguisher based on the correlation trace derivative.	Microprocess. Microsystems	2019	DBLP DOI BibTeX RDF